Irrigation refers to the practice of artificially watering crops to fulfill their water requirements. Through irrigation, nutrients can also be supplied to the crops. You have many options for water sources, such as wells. Irrigation provides water for growth, development, and germination.

Different crops will require different amounts of irrigation. These variables can also vary depending on the types of soil, seasons, and crop. For instance, summer crops require more water than winter crops.

Let’s look at different types and irrigation methods.

Types and types of irrigation

Different types can be used to increase crop yield. These irrigation systems are designed to work with different soil types and climates. There are different  irrigation products used by farmers in the following type of irrigation

 

Surface Irrigation

This system does away with the need for an irrigation pump. Here water is distributed through gravity.

 

Localized Irrigation

This system applies water to every plant via a network made up of pipes at low pressure.

 

Drip Irrigation

This type of irrigation uses water drops to get near the roots. This type requires more maintenance so it is seldom used.

 

Centre Pivot Irrigation

This system distributes water by using a sprinkler that moves in circular patterns.

 

Sub Irrigation

Water is distributed by pumping stations through ditches, gates, and canals.

 

Manual Irrigation

This irrigation method is labor-intensive and requires a lot of time. This is where water is distributed manually by using watering cans.

 

Methods of irrigation

There are two methods of irrigation

• Traditional Methods
• Modern Methods

Traditional Methods to Irrigate

This method of irrigation uses manual watering. This method involves a farmer pulling water from wells and canals manually or using cattle. Then, the farmer carries water to the farm fields. This method can be used in different parts of the country.

This method is extremely cost-effective. Because of the uneven distribution, however, this method is less efficient. A high percentage of water loss can also be a problem.

Examples of traditional systems include pulley systems, lever systems, and chain pumps. The most used system, and the most widespread, is the Pump System.

 

Modern Methods to Irrigate

Modern methods are more effective than traditional methods. They also help to maintain water quality.

 

Modern technology involves two systems

• Sprinkler system
• Drip system

Here, a pump is connected and pipes are connected. The pipes create pressure and water is sprayed through the nozzles.

 

Importance of irrigation

• These points will help to explain the importance and benefits of irrigation.
• Uncertain rainfall and insufficient rainfall are detrimental to agriculture. Low rainfall can cause droughts and even famines. Even with low rainfall, irrigation aids in increasing productivity.
• The productivity of land that is irrigated is greater than land that is not.
• Multiple cropping isn’t possible in India because the rainy period is quite specific in most regions. The climate permits cultivation throughout the year. You can grow more than one crop in most areas of the nation thanks to irrigation.
• Most of the fallen land has been brought under cultivation with irrigation.
• Irrigation has stabilized output and yield levels.
• The availability of water supply is increased through irrigation which increases income for the farmers.
• You should ensure that you are only irrigating the crops in the most efficient way possible. In excess water, it can cause water logging, hamper germination, salt concentrations, and root uprooting. Roots can’t stand water. It is essential to use the correct method to ensure that the best cultivation takes place.